Boiling water is also used to disinfect tools and clothing, and still is. Boiling an object for a few minutes can kill most pests, but of course, you can't pour boiling water on the wound. It is beneficial to clean the wound or surgical area before the incision, using local astringents such as iodine mixtures and alcohol.

        First, surgical instruments are sterilized by astringent or fire. Both are effective, but complete sterilization does not exist. Alcohol can kill some forms of bacteria from basic surgical tools, but other harmful species still exist. The flame is almost completely sterilized but has an adverse effect on the tool itself. There is a better method, a method to ensure complete sterilization.

       When people realized that high-pressure steam could kill harmful organisms such as cans and their contents, autoclaves began to be realized, and high-pressure steam could kill any organism in a very short time.

       The first autoclave was a stove model with valves and steam controllers, and a measuring system to obtain the correct pressure and temperature. These primitive but effective devices are beginning to completely eradicate surgical infections. When the steam is at 212 degrees Fahrenheit (100 degrees Celsius), the pressure increases to about three atmospheres, so bacteria and other organisms will break and die, and the virus will disintegrate.

       This quickly led to the creation of autoclave ovens. This front mounted device has its own form of heat... First gas heating, and then electricity and heating elements. The door is a tightly sealed event with a locking handle. It is large enough to accommodate many instruments at the same time and is usually placed in a metal tray before sterilization. Most sterilization is manual, so timing is critical.

       Then the autoclave began to simplify the process, introducing simple electronic equipment to regulate and monitor the temperature and pressure. The autoclave is now wrapped in temperature sensitive paper. When the sterilization is successful, the paper will change color. In the 1960s, larger autoclaves were being developed and put into use.

       The autoclave is now computer-controlled, highly efficient, and small for doctors' offices around the world. Now developing countries all over the world have benefited from autoclaves, thus reducing the infection of patients.

       Without autoclave, some disciplines have problems to overcome. Scientific laboratories that conduct research on harmful and beneficial organisms need aseptic equipment to conduct experiments aseptically. Contamination is also a problem for medical laboratories, and aseptic technology is required in their test plans.